Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs and sentences.
They are used to say how, when, where, or how often something happens, and also to make the meaning of an adjective, verb or another adverb stronger or weaker.
Examples:
Examples:
- The family walk (how?) quickly.
- I met him (when?) yesterday.
- She gets the bus (how often?) daily.
- Dave eats (degree?) more slowly than his wife.
- That seemed an extremely interesting plan.
- Hopefully the shoes will fit.
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Exercise using adjectives and adverbs:
Наречие может определять глагол, прилагательное или другое наречие:
They sing beautifully. He is very clever. She likes music so much.
При образовании наречий посредством суффикса -1у соблюдаются следующие правила орфографии:
1. quiet - quietly 4. terrible - terribly
2. rare - rarely, true - truly 5. careful - carefully
3. day - daily, happy - happily, shy – shyly
*Следующие наречия не отличаются по форме от прилагательных: fast, long, far, hard, late, little, much, kindly, early, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, leisurely, straight, hot и др.:
It's a hard decision. He's working very hard at the moment. This magazine comes out weekly. Our weekly production has greatly increased.
*Следующие слова являются прилагательными: costly, cowardly, deadly, elderly, friendly, likely, lively, lovely, lonely, manly, silly, ugly.
Для образования соответствующих им наречий используются конструкции: in a friendly way, in a silly manner.
* После глаголов be, become, get (становиться), grow (становиться), turn (становиться), feel (чувствовать себя), look (выглядеть), appear (выглядеть), seem, sound, taste (иметь вкус), smell (пахнуть) используются только прилагательные: They were angry to hear about the breakdown. He is terribly busy at the moment. The new furniture looks very nice. Ср.: to be /feel well (быть здоровым), Не looked carefully at the signature (посмотрел).
* После наречия so употребляется прилагательное или наречие, such требует после себя существительного в сочетании с прилагательным: This equipment is so expensive. He speaks so loudly. It was such an interesting meeting.
*So + many, much, few, little: There were so many participants at the conference. Such + a lot of: There's such a lot of furniture here!
* Следующие наречия имеют две формы и разное значение:
close - близко closely - внимательно
deep - глубоко (прям.) deeply - глубоко (перен. о чувствах)
direct - прямо directly - немедленно, вскоре
easy - легко, спокойно easily - свободно, без труда
fair - честно fairly - довольно
fine - отлично finely - тонко
free - бесплатно freely - свободно, легко
hard - усердно hardly - едва
high - высоко highly - весьма, высоко (о цене, стоимости)
just - как раз justly - справедливо
late - поздно lately - недавно
low - низко lowly - скромно
most - очень, весьма mostly - главным образом
near - близко nearly - почти
pretty -достаточно prettily - красиво; привлекательно
right- правильно, прямо rightly - справедливо, должным образом
sharp - ровно, точно sharply - резко, зло
short - резко, внезапно shortly (after, before) - кратко, вскоре
wide - широко widely - повсеместно
wrong - неправильно wrongly – незаслуженно
Степени сравнения наречий
Примечания:
*После прилагательных и наречий в сравнительной степени употребляется союз than; после прилагательных и наречий в превосходной степени часто употребляются предлоги of, in, относительное местоимение that, наречие ever или инфинитив: Family and friends are more important than money. She is the most beautiful girl in the world. The next to speak was Mrs. Fenshaw. I like Jane less than Tom, but I like Fred least of all. Of all children she runs the fastest.
*Синтетическая форма сравнительной степени не используется, если сравниваются две возможные характеристики одного и того же предмета: She is more nice than wise.
* Если речь идёт только о двух сравниваемых лицах или предметах, предпочтительно использовать сравнительную степень с артиклем the: Which of these two athletes is the stronger!
Сравнительные конструкции с прилагательными и наречиями
Наречия
|
Положительная
|
Сравнительная
|
Превосходная
|
односложные,early
|
fast early
|
faster earlier
|
fastest earliest
|
производные
|
clearly
|
more clearly
|
most clearly
|
исключения
|
well badly little much
far
|
better
worse
less
more
|
best worst least most
|
Сравнительные конструкции с прилагательными и наречиями
as…as
|
такой же ... как
|
No other secretary is as efficient as mine.
|
the same ... as
|
такой же ... как
| |
not so /as ... as
|
не такой ... как
|
My marks are not as high as
yours.
|
as ... as possible
|
как можно ...
|
The letter must be as short a! possible.
|
twice as ... as
three times as ...
as
|
в два / три раза ...
|
This car is twice as expensive
as that.
This box is three times at
heavy.
|
twice as many /
much ... as
3 times as many /
much ... as
|
в два / три раза больше
|
We have twice as many people working for us now as w( had two years ago.
|
half as much /
many ... as
3 times as little /
few... as
|
в два / три раза меньше
|
Here I earn half as mud money as at my previous job.
|
less /the least
|
менее / наименее
|
Money is less important that family and friends.
|
much, a lot, far, even, somewhat, rather, substantially, considerably, significantly
|
намного, гораздо
|
This novel is much more interesting.
She is a lot younger than her
husband.
|
a little, a bit, slightly
|
Немного
|
Could you speak a little faster?
|
all the, any the, none the
|
ещё, ещё сколько-нибудь, ничуть не
|
I feel all the better for that swim.
I like him none the less.
|
by far, nearly, almost, practically
|
явно, общепризнанно, почти, практически
|
This tree is by far the taller in
I'm nearly the oldest in the class.
|
the... the...
|
чем ... тем ...
|
The warmer the weather, the better I feel.
|
